Australia has one of the highest rates of gambling participation in the world. However, navigating the legal landscape can be complex because the industry isn’t governed by a single federal body. Instead, it is a dual-layered system where the Commonwealth (Federal Government) sets broad standards for online activities, while each individual State and Territory manages its own licensing, land-based venues, and harm-minimisation policies.
As we move through 2025, the landscape is shifting toward stricter harm minimisation, mandatory “carded play” for poker machines, and a potential crackdown on gambling advertising. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of how gambling is regulated across Australia today.
1. The Federal Framework: The Interactive Gambling Act
Before diving into the states, it’s essential to understand the Interactive Gambling Act 2001 (IGA). This federal law governs online gambling across the entire country.
- What is Legal: Online sports betting, horse racing, and lotteries (provided the operator is licensed in an Australian state or territory).
- What is Illegal: Online casinos (slots/pokies, blackjack, roulette) and “in-play” betting on live sports via the internet.
- Key 2025 Update: The Interactive Gambling Amendment (Know Your Losses) Bill 2025 now requires online wagering providers to display a real-time “net position” (total wins vs. losses) on the user’s screen at all times.
2. New South Wales (NSW)
Regulator: Liquor & Gaming NSW
Key Focus: Poker Machine Reform
NSW is home to the largest number of electronic gaming machines (EGMs) outside of Nevada. Consequently, the state has become the focal point for EGM reform.
- Pokies in Pubs/Clubs: As of January 1, 2025, ATMs and EFTPOS terminals must be located at least five meters away from gaming room entrances and out of sight.
- Responsible Gambling Officers (RGOs): Venues with large numbers of machines must have dedicated RGOs on duty to identify signs of distress or problem gambling.
- Casinos: Sydney hosts two major casinos (The Star and Crown Sydney). Unlike most casinos, Crown Sydney is a “VIP-only” venue and does not feature poker machines.
3. Victoria (VIC)
Regulator: Victorian Gambling and Casino Control Commission (VGCCC)
Key Focus: Mandatory Carded Play
Victoria has positioned itself as a leader in “pre-commitment” technology.
- Carded Play: The Gambling Legislation Amendment Bill 2025 is pushing for 100% mandatory carded play for all poker machines. Players must use a card to play, allowing them to set loss limits and track their history.
- Spin Rates: Starting in late 2025, new poker machines must have a minimum spin speed of three seconds to slow down the pace of play.
- Closing Times: The state has implemented mandatory “lights out” periods for gaming rooms in pubs and clubs between 4:00 AM and 10:00 AM to prevent continuous gambling.
4. Queensland (QLD)
Regulator: Office of Liquor and Gaming Regulation (OLGR)
Key Focus: Integrated Resort Developments
Queensland’s gambling market is heavily tied to its tourism industry, with several large-scale “Integrated Resorts” (casinos with hotels and entertainment) across the state.
- Casinos: Major venues include Treasury Brisbane (and the new Queen’s Wharf development), The Star Gold Coast, and The Ville in Townsville.
- Harm Minimisation: Queensland utilizes a strict Responsible Gambling Code of Practice. It focuses on “informed choice,” requiring venues to provide clear information on the odds of winning and the risks of losing.
5. Western Australia (WA)
Regulator: Gaming and Wagering Commission (GWC)
Key Focus: Restrictive Machine Access
Western Australia is unique because it is the only state where poker machines are prohibited in pubs and clubs. They are exclusively confined to the Crown Perth casino.
- The Perth Casino Royal Commission: Following recent inquiries, the GWC has seen expanded powers and resources to oversee Crown Perth.
- Mandatory Carded Play: Mandatory card-based play was rolled out at the casino in late 2025 to track play and reduce money laundering risks.
6. South Australia (SA)
Regulator: Consumer and Business Services (CBS)
Key Focus: Automated Barring Systems
South Australia has a long history of aggressive harm-minimisation legislation, including the Gambling Administration Act 2019.
- The Barring System: SA uses a centralized, automated system for “barring” (self-exclusion or third-party exclusion). This system makes it easier for individuals to ban themselves from all venues in the state simultaneously.
- Note on Lotteries: Unlike some other states, SA has a dedicated Lotteries Commission that operates state-branded products through a master agent.
7. Northern Territory (NT)
Regulator: Northern Territory Racing Commission (NTRC)
Key Focus: The Hub of Online Wagering
While the NT has a small population, it is the most influential jurisdiction for online betting. Most major corporate bookmakers (like Sportsbet or Ladbrokes) hold their licenses in the NT due to its historically favorable tax environment.
- Corporate Bookmaking: The NTRC oversees the vast majority of online sports and racing bets placed across Australia.
- Racing and Wagering Act 2024: Recently updated to modernize the licensing of corporate bookmakers and increase the tax cap on betting revenue to fund local infrastructure.
8. Tasmania (TAS)
Regulator: Tasmanian Liquor and Gaming Commission
Key Focus: Individual Player Loss Limits
Tasmania recently made history by becoming the first Australian jurisdiction to implement a mandatory default loss limit on poker machines.
- Default Limits: The system features a default loss cap of $100 per day and $5,000 per year.
- Increasing Limits: Players can choose to lower these limits, but they cannot increase them without proving they have the financial capacity to do so.
9. Australian Capital Territory (ACT)
Regulator: ACT Gambling and Racing Commission
Key Focus: Community Contribution
The ACT has a strong focus on the “community club” model. A significant portion of gambling revenue from poker machines in clubs is legally required to be reinvested into community projects and local sports.
Summary of State Regulators
| State/Territory | Primary Regulator | Key Legislative Focus (2025) |
| NSW | Liquor & Gaming NSW | ATM placement and RGO presence. |
| VIC | VGCCC | Mandatory carded play and spin speeds. |
| QLD | OLGR | Integrated resort and casino integrity. |
| WA | GWC | Restricting pokies to casinos only. |
| SA | CBS | Automated barring and self-exclusion. |
| NT | NTRC | Regulation of national online bookmakers. |
| TAS | TLGC | Default daily/yearly loss limits. |
| ACT | Gambling & Racing Commission | Community contribution from club revenue. |
Looking Ahead: A National Advertising Ban?
The biggest question mark for the Australian gambling market in 2025 is the Interactive Gambling Amendment (Ban Gambling Ads) Bill. While the federal government has not yet implemented a total “blanket ban,” they are currently debating a phased-in prohibition of gambling ads on TV and digital platforms during sporting events.
For operators and players alike, the trend is clear: Australia is moving toward a highly transparent, card-based, and digitally monitored environment designed to maximize safety and minimize social harm.
FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions on Australian Gambling Regulations
1. What is gambling regulation in Australia?
Gambling regulation in Australia refers to the legal framework set by federal and state governments to control and monitor gambling activities. It ensures responsible gambling, prevents illegal operations, and protects consumers.
2. Are online casinos legal in Australia?
Online casinos are regulated differently across states. While online sports betting and lotteries are generally legal, online casino games using real money are mostly restricted for Australian residents. International platforms can sometimes operate, but local licensing rules apply.
3. How does New South Wales regulate gambling?
The New South Wales (NSW) government regulates gambling through the NSW Gambling and Racing Commission. Licensed operators must comply with responsible gambling measures, including self-exclusion programs and deposit limits.
4. What are Victoria’s gambling laws?
In Victoria, the Victorian Commission for Gambling and Liquor Regulation (VCGLR) oversees all gambling activities. This includes poker machines, sports betting, lotteries, and casino operations, ensuring strict compliance and consumer protection.
5. Can I gamble in Queensland legally?
Yes, gambling is legal in Queensland under the supervision of the Queensland Office of Liquor and Gaming Regulation (OLGR). The state allows casinos, lotteries, sports betting, and poker machines, but operators must meet licensing and compliance requirements.
6. What about gambling in Western Australia?
Western Australia has stricter gambling laws. The Department of Local Government, Sport and Cultural Industries (DLGSC) regulates casinos and lotteries, but poker machines are only available in Crown Perth. Online gambling is heavily restricted.
7. Are there age restrictions for gambling in Australia?
Yes. The legal gambling age is 18 years or older across all states and territories. This applies to casinos, online betting, lotteries, and poker machines.
8. How is online sports betting regulated?
Online sports betting is legal nationwide but must be conducted through operators licensed under the Interactive Gambling Act 2001 and state-specific laws. Operators are required to promote responsible gambling and prevent underage participation.
9. What are the penalties for illegal gambling?
Penalties vary by state and can include heavy fines, license revocation, and imprisonment for severe violations. Regulatory bodies actively monitor and investigate illegal gambling operations.
10. Do all states have the same gambling rules?
No. Each state and territory has its own regulatory framework, licensing authorities, and compliance requirements. While federal law provides some overarching rules, state-specific legislation governs most gambling activities.
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